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---
title: "ABC 分类法"
type: concept
tags: [supply-chain, supplier-management]
---
## Definition
ABC 分类法是一种供应商分级管理策略,根据供应商的战略重要性和采购金额将供应商分为不同等级,实施差异化管理策略。
## 分类标准
| 类型 | 采购金额占比 | 管理策略 |
|------|--------------|----------|
| **战略供应商** (Strategic) | Top 10-20% | 深度合作、联合开发、战略联盟 |
| **杠杆供应商** (Leverage) | 20-30% | 竞争性管理、总量平衡 |
| **瓶颈供应商** (Bottleneck) | 10-20% | 寻找替代源、保持库存 |
| **常规供应商** (Routine) | 30-40% | 简化流程、自动化采购 |
## 与 Kraljic Matrix 的关系
- ABC 分类法侧重**供应商层面**的分级管理
- Kraljic Matrix 侧重**采购品类层面**的策略制定
- 两者常配合使用Kraljic 分类确定品类策略ABC 分类确定供应商关系深度
## Connections
- [[Supply Chain Strategist]] ← uses ← [[ABC 分类法]]
- [[Kraljic Matrix]] — ABC 分类与 Kraljic Matrix 配合制定采购策略
- [[供应商绩效考核]] — 绩效考核结果用于 ABC 分级调整