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---
title: "NiagaraVFX"
type: concept
tags: ["unreal-engine", "vfx", "particle-systems"]
sources: ["unreal-technical-artist"]
last_updated: 2026-04-26
---
## Definition
UE5 新一代粒子和 VFX视觉效果系统替代旧版 Cascade。核心设计理念GPU/CPU 模拟分离、模块化可复用、Scalability 分级预设。
## Key Design Decisions
- **GPU vs CPU 选择**:粒子数 < 1000 用 CPU 模拟;粒子数 > 1000 用 GPU 模拟
- **Max Particle Count 强制**:所有系统必须设置硬上限,禁止无限粒子
- **Scalability 三档预设**HighPC/主机高端、Medium主机基准/中端 PC、Low移动/性能模式),必须全部测试后交付
## Scalability Preset Example
| 档位 | 最大活跃系统数 | 每系统最大粒子数 | 剔除距离 |
|------|--------------|----------------|---------|
| High | 10 | 50 | — |
| Medium | 6 | 25 | 30m |
| Low | 3 | 10 | 15m |
## Key Modules
- Initialize Particle生命周期、缩放、颜色参数化
- Initial Velocity锥形扩散、重力方向
- Drag水平摩擦力控制扩散范围
- Scale Color/Opacity线性淡出曲线
## Rendering
- Sprite Renderer + T_Particle 纹理集4×4 帧动画)
- Blend Mode: Translucent峰值时最多 3 层 overdraw
## Advanced Capabilities
- GPU Simulation Stages流体类粒子动力学邻居查询、压力、速度场
- Data Interface查询物理场景数据、网格表面、音频频谱
- Parameter Collections接收游戏状态参数实现 VFX 实时响应玩法
## Related
- [[VFX]] — 游戏 VFX 通用概念
- [[PerformanceBudget]] — Niagara 帧预算管理
- [[QualitySwitch]] — 材质质量分层,与 Niagara Scalability 理念一致