55 lines
2.2 KiB
Markdown
55 lines
2.2 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: "Replication Graph"
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type: concept
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tags: [unreal-engine, networking, multiplayer, ue5]
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sources: [unreal-multiplayer-architect]
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last_updated: 2026-04-26
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---
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## Definition
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Replication Graph 是 UE5 的空间分区复制优化系统，用空间网格分区替代默认的扁平相关性模型。通过只向相关客户端复制区域内的 Actor，显著降低带宽消耗。核心机制：`UReplicationGraphNode_GridSpatialization2D`（开放世界空间网格）和自定义 `UReplicationGraphNode`（休眠 Actor 优化）。
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## Core Mechanisms
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- **空间网格分区**：基于 2D 空间网格，将世界划分为网格单元，每个单元仅复制给附近玩家
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- **休眠 Actor 优化**：NPC 等休眠 Actor 不在任何玩家附近时，以极低频率复制
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- **动态 relevancy**：根据客户端视角动态决定 Actor 的相关性
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- `UReplicationGraphNode_GridSpatialization2D`：开放世界空间分区节点
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- `UReplicationGraphNode`：可自定义的复制图节点基类
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## Implementation
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```cpp
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// 启用 Replication Graph 插件
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// DefaultEngine.ini
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[/Script/OnlineSubsystemUtils.IpNetDriver]
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ReplicationGraphClassName=ReplicationGraph.UReplicationGraph
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// 自定义休眠节点
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UCLASS()
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class UMyDormancyNode : public UReplicationGraphNode
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{
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// 重写 DetermineWrites 会话逻辑
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};
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```
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## Key Benefits
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- 开放世界多人游戏中带宽降低 40%+
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- 仅复制视野内 Actor，减少不必要的网络流量
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- 可自定义节点类型适配特殊需求
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## Network Profiling Commands
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- `net.RepGraph.PrintAllNodes` — 打印所有复制图节点信息
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- Unreal Insights — 性能分析工具，测量复制图对带宽的影响
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## Connection to Other Concepts
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- [[Actor Replication]] — Replication Graph 是 Actor 复制的空间优化层
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- [[Server-Authoritative Model]] — 服务器权威通过复制图高效同步状态到客户端
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- [[Network Prediction]] — 预测系统依赖高效的复制同步
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## Relationship to Agent
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[[UnrealMultiplayerArchitect]] 使用 Replication Graph 作为生产级多人游戏的带宽优化方案，性能基准：\"Bandwidth per player < 15KB/s at maximum player count\"。
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## Aliases
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- UE5 Replication Graph
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- Spatial Replication
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- Grid Spatialization
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