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nexus/wiki/concepts/灾难恢复.md

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---
title: "灾难恢复"
type: concept
tags: [disaster-recovery, backup, DR, business-continuity]
---
## Definition
灾难恢复Disaster RecoveryDR指在硬件故障、人为误操作或自然灾害导致系统不可用后通过备份数据还原系统正常运行能力的技术和流程。
## Core Metrics
- **RTORecovery Time Objective**:系统中断到恢复的最大可接受时间
- **RPORecovery Point Objective**:可接受的最大数据丢失时间窗口
- **RTO vs RPO**RTO 关注恢复速度RPO 关注数据完整性
## Methods
1. **磁盘镜像还原**Clonezilla restoredisk用镜像文件覆盖目标磁盘完整恢复系统状态
2. **rsync 文件级恢复**:从增量备份逐文件还原
3. **快照恢复**ZFS/BTRFS 文件系统快照回滚
4. **云容灾**:云服务商提供的跨区域 failover
## Workflow (Clonezilla)
1. 用启动盘启动 Clonezilla live
2. 选择 device-image 模式
3. 挂载备份存储NFS/SMB
4. 选择 restoredisk
5. 选中 NAS 上的镜像文件夹
6. 确认覆盖目标磁盘
7. 等待还原完成,系统即刻复活
## Related Concepts
- [[磁盘镜像备份]]:灾难恢复的数据基础
- [[Clonezilla]]:本地灾难恢复工具
- [[rsync增量备份]]:日常增量备份的灾难恢复场景
## Aliases
- Disaster Recovery
- DR
- 灾难还原
- Business Continuity