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---
title: "Substrate"
type: concept
tags: ["unreal-engine", "materials", "shader", "ue5.3"]
sources: ["unreal-technical-artist"]
last_updated: 2026-04-26
---
## Definition
UE5.3+ 引入的多层物理材质系统Multi-Layer Physical Material System。通过显式层叠堆栈Slab定义材质湿涂层wet coat→ 泥土dirt→ 岩石rock。物理正确性能可控替代了传统的 Subsurface ScatteringSSSworkaround。
## Architecture
Substrate 将材质建模为多层 slab 的堆叠:
- 每层有独立的 BSDF双向散射分布函数
- 层间有物理模拟的界面交互(界面反射、透射)
- 与真实世界的多层材质(油漆→底漆→金属基底)对应
## Migration Path
从旧版 Shading Model 系统迁移到 Substrate
1. 分析现有材质的视觉层(表层污垢、中层基础颜色、底层金属/次表面)
2. 映射为 Substrate slab 堆叠顺序
3. 使用 Substrate Complexity viewport mode 验证复杂度
4. 在目标平台(尤其主机)上 Profile 性能
## Advantages over Legacy SSS
- 物理正确性:多层交互有真实光学模型支撑
- 单一材质:无需多个材质叠加
- 性能可控Substrate Complexity 工具可精确测量
- 适用场景:湿表面、雪地、积雪岩石、多层植被
## Compatibility
- UE 5.3+ 可用
- 主机平台需要额外验证
- 与 Nanite 兼容
## Related
- [[MaterialFunction]] — Substrate slab 逻辑可封装为 Function
- [[VFX]] — Substrate 用于静态场景材质,与 VFX 系统的物理真实感追求一致
- [[QualitySwitch]] — Substrate 也需要质量分级