70 lines
2.6 KiB
Markdown
70 lines
2.6 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: "Change Management"
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type: concept
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tags: [itsm, devops, operations]
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date: 2025-03-01
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---
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## Definition
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变更管理（Change Management）是[[ITSM]]的核心流程之一，通过**结构化的方法评估、审批和实施IT变更**，在保持服务稳定性的同时实现业务所需的灵活性。
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## Change Management Process
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```
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┌──────────────┐ ┌──────────────┐ ┌──────────────┐
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│ Change │ → │ Impact │ → │ CAB │
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│ Request │ │ Assessment │ │ Approval │
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└──────────────┘ └──────────────┘ └──────────────┘
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↓
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┌──────────────┐ ┌──────────────┐ ┌──────────────┘
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│ Build & │ ← │ Change │ ← │ Schedule │
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│ Test │ │ Build │ │ & Prepare │
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└──────────────┘ └──────────────┘ └──────────────┘
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```
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## Change Types
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| 类型 | 描述 | 审批级别 |
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|------|------|---------|
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| Emergency | 紧急变更（如P1事故响应） | 快速审批 |
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| Standard | 标准变更（例行维护） | 自动审批 |
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| Normal | 常规变更（新功能部署） | CAB审批 |
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## Modern Change Management (ITSM 2.0)
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在[[ITSM 2.0]]中，变更管理由AI和[[IaC]]驱动：
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### AI-Driven Risk Assessment
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- **Automated Impact Analysis** — 自动评估变更影响
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- **Failure Probability Prediction** — AI预测变更失败概率
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- **Rollback Planning** — 自动生成回滚计划
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### CI/CD Pipeline Governance
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```
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Code Commit → Automated Testing → IaC Validation → Risk Score → Approval
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↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
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Git hooks Unit/Int Tests Terraform Plan ML Model Auto/CAB
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```
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## Key Metrics
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| 指标 | 描述 |
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|------|------|
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| Change Success Rate | 变更成功率 |
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| Failed Change Rate | 失败变更率 |
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| Rollback Rate | 回滚率 |
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| Emergency Change Ratio | 紧急变更比例 |
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## Related Concepts
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- [[ITSM]] — 父框架
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- [[Change-Failure-Rate]] — 变更失败率
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- [[IaC]] — 基础设施即代码
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- [[CI/CD-Pipeline]] — CI/CD流水线
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- [[Rollback]] — 回滚机制
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## Sources
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- [[understanding-complete-itsm]] — AI-driven Change Management
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