114 lines
3.0 KiB
Markdown
114 lines
3.0 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: Docker堆栈
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type: concept
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tags: [docker, compose, orchestration]
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date: 2025-12-29
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---
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# Docker堆栈
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## Definition
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Docker 堆栈（Docker Stack）是指通过 Docker Compose 编排的多容器应用，由多个相互依赖的服务组成，共同提供完整功能。在 [[Zipline]] 图床方案中，MinIO + PostgreSQL + Zipline 构成一个完整的堆栈。
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## Zipline Stack Architecture
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```yaml
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services:
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minio: # S3 兼容存储
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image: minio/minio:latest
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depends_on: []
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postgres: # 元数据库
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image: postgres:16
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depends_on: []
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zipline: # 图床应用
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image: ghcr.io/diced/zipline:latest
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depends_on:
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minio:
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condition: service_healthy
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postgres:
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condition: service_healthy
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```
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## Service Dependency Patterns
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### Pattern 1: Simple depends_on
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```yaml
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service_a:
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depends_on:
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- service_b
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```
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仅确保启动顺序，不等待就绪。
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### Pattern 2: Health Check + Condition（本方案推荐）
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```yaml
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service_b:
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healthcheck:
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test: ["CMD", "curl", "-f", "http://localhost:9000/health"]
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interval: 30s
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retries: 3
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service_a:
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depends_on:
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service_b:
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condition: service_healthy
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```
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确保依赖服务就绪后才启动，避免竞态条件。
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### Pattern 3: wait-for Script
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```bash
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#!/bin/bash
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wait-for-it.sh service:port -- echo "Service is ready"
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```
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## Key Compose Features Used
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| 功能 | 配置 | 说明 |
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|------|------|------|
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| 健康检查 | `healthcheck` | 自动检测服务状态 |
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| 条件依赖 | `condition: service_healthy` | 等待健康检查通过 |
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| 资源限制 | `deploy.resources.limits` | 防止单服务耗尽资源 |
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| 重启策略 | `restart: unless-stopped` | 异常自动重启 |
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| 端口映射 | `ports` | 暴露服务端口 |
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| 卷挂载 | `volumes` | 数据持久化 |
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## Resource Limits in This Stack
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| 服务 | 内存限制 | 说明 |
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|------|----------|------|
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| MinIO | 1G | S3 存储，缓存友好 |
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| PostgreSQL | 512M | 元数据，索引优先 |
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| Zipline | 512M | Node.js，适中即可 |
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## Volume Persistence
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| 卷路径 | 内容 | 备份策略 |
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|--------|------|----------|
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| `/volume1/docker/zipline-stack/minio/minio_data` | 图片文件 | Synology Hyper Backup |
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| `/volume1/docker/zipline-stack/zipline/pg_data` | 数据库文件 | **不要直接备份**（见下） |
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### Important: Database Volume Warning
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> **警告**：不要直接备份 PostgreSQL 数据目录（`/var/lib/postgresql/data`）
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>
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> 热备份运行中的数据库目录会导致数据损坏。应使用 `pg_dump` 逻辑备份。
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正确方式：
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```bash
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# 使用 pg_dump 逻辑备份（热备份，安全）
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docker exec zipline_postgres pg_dump -U zipline -d zipline | gzip > backup.sql.gz
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```
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## Connections
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- [[MinIO]] ← part of ← [[Docker堆栈]]
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- [[PostgreSQL]] ← part of ← [[Docker堆栈]]
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- [[Zipline]] ← part of ← [[Docker堆栈]]
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- [[群晖 NAS]] ← hosts ← [[Docker堆栈]]
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## Related Concepts
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- [[Docker Compose]]
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- [[容器资源限制]]
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- [[容器重启策略]]
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- [[逻辑备份]]
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