62 lines
2.1 KiB
Markdown
62 lines
2.1 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: "Koppen Climate Classification"
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type: concept
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tags: [geography, climate, classification]
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last_updated: 2026-04-20
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---
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## Definition
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柯本气候分类法（Koppen Climate Classification）是一种基于植物分布和温度降水模式的气候分类系统，由俄罗斯气候学家弗拉基米尔·柯本于 1884 年创立，是物理地理学的基础工具。
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## Classification System
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### Main Climate Groups
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- **A**: Tropical（热带气候）
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- **B**: Dry（干旱气候）
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- **C**: Temperate（温带气候）
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- **D**: Continental（大陆性气候）
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- **E**: Polar（极地气候）
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### Secondary Divisions
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- f: Moist（湿润）
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- m: Monsoon（季风）
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- w: Dry winter（冬干）
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- s: Dry summer（夏干）
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- g: G来型（Gust来型）
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- etc.
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### Common Examples
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- **Af**: Tropical rainforest（热带雨林）
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- **Am**: Tropical monsoon（热带季风）
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- **Aw/As**: Tropical savanna（热带稀树草原）
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- **BWh**: Hot desert（炎热沙漠）
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- **BWk**: Cold desert（寒冷沙漠）
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- **Cfa**: Humid subtropical（湿润亚热带）
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- **Cfb**: Oceanic（海洋性气候）
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- **Cwa**: Monsoon humid subtropical（季风亚热带）
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- **Dfa/Dfb**: Hot/Cold continental（夏季炎热/寒冷大陆性）
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## Application in Worldbuilding
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### Rules for [[Geographic Coherence]]
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1. Climate zone must match latitude（气候带必须匹配纬度）
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- Tropical (A) typically within ±23.5° of equator
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- Temperate (C) typically 30°-50° latitude
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- Continental (D) typically 40°-60° latitude
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- Polar (E) above 60° latitude
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2. Altitude affects classification（海拔影响分类）
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- Higher elevation can create cooler microclimates
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- Mountain regions may have vertical climate zones
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3. Rain shadows exist（雨影效应存在）
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- Mountain ranges block moisture
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- Leeward sides are typically drier
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## Related Concepts
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- [[Geographic Coherence]]: Framework for validating world geography
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- [[Biome]]: Vegetation type consistent with climate
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- [[Hydrology]]: Water flow patterns in geographic systems
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## Source
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- Primary source: [[raw/Agent/agency-agents/academic/academic-geographer.md]] |