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nexus/wiki/concepts/Segregation-Of-Duties.md
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---
title: "Segregation of Duties"
type: concept
tags: [finance, accounting, compliance, controls]
sources: [finance-bookkeeper-controller]
last_updated: 2026-05-02
---
## Definition
职责分离Segregation of DutiesSoD是内部控制的基本原则要求将一项业务流程中的关键职责分配给不同的人以防止错误和欺诈。
## Core Rule
> "The person who initiates a transaction should not be the same person who approves or records it."
## Three Key Functions
1. **Authorization**(授权):谁有权发起或批准交易
2. **Custody**(保管):谁实际接触资产(现金、存货等)
3. **Recording**(记录):谁在会计系统中记录交易
## Practical Application
- 出纳员不能同时负责银行调节
- 采购员不能同时负责供应商付款审批
- 工资专员不能同时负责工资银行账户
- Controller 不应审批自己记录的 journal entries
## SOX Perspective
SOX 404 要求管理层评估和测试关键财务报告控制的有效性,职责分离是评估的核心控制点之一。
## Implementation in AI Agents
在 AI Agent 系统中,职责分离体现为:
- 不同 Agent 负责不同财务职能(如 AP Agent 处理发票Bookkeeper Controller 审核并记录)
- 审批工作流需要多 Agent 确认
- 交易记录与交易审批由不同 Agent 完成
## Related Concepts
- [[Internal Controls]]
- [[Audit Readiness]]
- [[GAAP-Compliance]]